From the humble pages of this independent publication, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles quickly developed into a global mass-media franchise and fixture of American popular culture. The turtles, four pizza-loving "dudes" named after artists from the Italian Renaissance, have been the subject of numerous successful television series, video games and Hollywood films; appearing on scores of licensed products, including toys, home goods, and apparel. Over the years, the franchise has attracted controversy for its violent content and aggressive marketing towards children.